Kungani irabha idinga ukuvunguzwa? Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuvunguza irabha?
Nakuba irabha eluhlaza yerabha nayo inezici ezithile eziwusizo zokusetshenziswa, futhi inezinkinga eziningi, njengokuqina okuphansi kanye nokuqina okuphansi; Ukubanda kuyenza ibe nzima, ukushisa kuyenza inamathele; Kulula ukuyiguga, njll. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1840, kwatholakala ukuthi irabha ingadlula ekuxhumeni ngokuyifudumeza kanye nesulfure. Ngakho-ke, kuze kube manje, yize irabha ingaxhunywa hhayi ngesulfure kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izinto eziningi zokuxhumanisa ngamakhemikhali kanye nezindlela zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, embonini yerabha, bekulokhu kuyisiko ukubiza ukuxhumanisa ngerabha ngokuthi “i-vulcanization”, kuyilapho imboni yokucubungula ipulasitiki ngezinye izikhathi ibhekisela ekusabeleni kokuxhumanisa njengokwelapha. I-Vulcanization ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwerabha eluhlaza, yandisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwerabha, futhi ibeka isisekelo sokukhiqiza okukhulu kwezimboni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwerabha.
Ukwenziwa kwe-rubber vulcanization kungenye yezinqubo eziyinhloko ekucutshungulweni komkhiqizo werabha, futhi kuyisinyathelo sokugcina sokucubungula ekukhiqizweni komkhiqizo werabha. Kule nqubo, irabha idlula ochungechungeni lwezinguquko zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela ekuhlanganisweni kwepulasitiki kuya erabha enwebeka kakhulu noma eqinile exhunywe nge-cross-linked, ukuze kutholakale izakhiwo zomzimba, zemishini kanye nezamakhemikhali eziphelele, futhi kuthuthukiswe futhi kwandiswe inani lokusetshenziswa kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa kwezinto zerabha. Ngakho-ke, ukwenziwa kwe-vulcanization kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwerabha kanye nemikhiqizo yayo.
Umqondo we-vulcanization
I-Vulcanization ibhekisela kumkhiqizo oqediwe kancane owenziwe ngezinto zerabha ezine-plasticity ethile kanye ne-viscosity (irabha eluhlaza, i-plastic compound, irabha exubile) ngokucubungula okufanele (njengokugoqa, ukukhipha, ukubumba, njll.) ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zangaphandle, ngokusebenzisa izinto zamakhemikhali (njengesistimu ye-vulcanization) noma izinto ezibonakalayo (njenge-γ Inqubo yokuguqula umphumela wokukhanya ube yimikhiqizo yerabha ethambile noma imikhiqizo yerabha eqinile ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza okusetshenziswayo. Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-vulcanization, izimo zangaphandle (njengokushisa noma imisebe) zibangela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwerabha eluhlaza ezingxenyeni zezinto zerabha kanye ne-agent ye-vulcanizing noma phakathi kwerabha eluhlaza kanye nerabha eluhlaza, okuholela ekuxhumeni okuphambene kwama-macromolecule erabha aqondile abe ama-macromolecule ahlelwe ngenethiwekhi enama-dimensional amathathu.
Ngale ndlela yokusabela, izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zerabha zithuthukisiwe kakhulu, okwenza imikhiqizo zerabha ikwazi ukuthola izakhiwo ezibonakalayo, zemishini, nezinye ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo. Ingqikithi ye-vulcanization ukuxhumanisa, okuyinqubo yokuguqula izakhiwo zama-molecule zerabha eziqondile zibe izakhiwo zenethiwekhi yendawo.
Inqubo yokwenza i-sulfurization
Ngemva kokukala inani lerabha exubile kanye ne-ejenti ye-vulcanizing, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka i-ejenti ye-vulcanizing. Kunconywa ukuthi ulandele lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo ukuze uqedele.
1. Okokuqala, hlanza umshini wokuvula ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kwawo ukuze uvimbele ukungcola okunye. Bese ulungisa i-roller pitch yesigayo sokuvula ibe yincane bese uthela irabha exubile emshinini wokuvula ukuze idlule kancane. Ngemva kokuthi idlule kancane isiqediwe, isikhala semigoqo yesihlanganisi kufanele sandiswe ngokufanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi irabha exubile igoqwe ngokulinganayo emigoqweni. Izinga lokushisa lobuso berabha exubile kufanele libe cishe ngu-80oC.
2. Ngokulungisa iphimbo le-roller kanye namanzi apholisayo ngendlela efanele, izinga lokushisa lerabha exubile lilawulwa cishe ku-60-80 ° C. Kuleli qophelo, i-ejenti ye-vulcanizing iqala ukungezwa erabha exubile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-25-2023
