1. Ukugeleza kwenqubo eyisisekelo
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yesimanje, ikakhulukazi imboni yamakhemikhali, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo yerabha, kodwa izinqubo zayo zokukhiqiza ziyafana. Inqubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngerabha eqinile evamile (irabha eluhlaza) ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi:
Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe → ukwenziwa kwepulasitiki → ukuxuba → ukwakha → ukwenziwa kwe-vulcanization → ukusika → ukuhlolwa
2. Ukulungiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa
Izinto eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo yerabha zifaka irabha eluhlaza, izinto ezihlanganisayo, izinto zefayibha, kanye nezinto zensimbi. Phakathi kwazo, irabha eluhlaza iyinto eyisisekelo; I-ejenti ehlanganisayo iyinto ewusizo engeziwe ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezithile zemikhiqizo yerabha; Izinto zefayibha (ukotini, ilineni, uboya, izinhlobo ezahlukene zemicu yokwenziwa, imicu yokwenziwa) kanye nezinto zensimbi (ucingo lwensimbi, ucingo lwethusi) zisetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha zemikhiqizo yerabha ukuthuthukisa amandla okusebenza nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka komkhiqizo.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungiselela izinto zokusetshenziswa, izithako kumele zikalwe ngokunembile ngokwefomula. Ukuze irabha eluhlaza kanye ne-compound agent kuhlangane ngokulinganayo, izinto ezithile kudingeka zicutshungulwe:
1. Ukugeleza kwenqubo eyisisekelo
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yesimanje, ikakhulukazi imboni yamakhemikhali, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo yerabha, kodwa izinqubo zayo zokukhiqiza ziyafana. Inqubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngerabha eqinile evamile (irabha eluhlaza) ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi:
Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe → ukwenziwa kwepulasitiki → ukuxuba → ukwakha → ukwenziwa kwe-vulcanization → ukuphumula → ukuhlolwa
2. Ukulungiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa
Izinto eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo yerabha zifaka irabha eluhlaza, izinto ezihlanganisayo, izinto zefayibha, kanye nezinto zensimbi. Phakathi kwazo, irabha eluhlaza iyinto eyisisekelo; I-ejenti ehlanganisayo iyinto ewusizo engeziwe ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezithile zemikhiqizo yerabha; Izinto zefayibha (ukotini, ilineni, uboya, izinhlobo ezahlukene zemicu yokwenziwa, imicu yokwenziwa) kanye nezinto zensimbi (ucingo lwensimbi, ucingo lwethusi) zisetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha zemikhiqizo yerabha ukuthuthukisa amandla okusebenza nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka komkhiqizo.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungiselela izinto zokusetshenziswa, izithako kumele zikalwe ngokunembile ngokwefomula. Ukuze irabha eluhlaza kanye ne-compound agent kuhlangane ngokulinganayo, izinto ezithile kudingeka zicutshungulwe:
Irabha eluhlaza kufanele ithanjiswe ekamelweni lokomisa elingu-60-70 ℃ ngaphambi kokuba lisikwe futhi liphulwe libe yizicucu ezincane;
Izithasiselo ezifana ne-block ezifana ne-paraffin, i-stearic acid, i-rosin, njll. zidinga ukuchotshozwa;
Uma ingxube ewuphuphu iqukethe ukungcola okwenziwe ngomshini noma izinhlayiya eziqinile, idinga ukuhlolwa nokususwa;
Izithasiselo zoketshezi (i-pine tar, i-coumarone) zidinga ukufudumeza, ukuncibilikisa, ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, kanye nokuhlunga ukungcola;
I-compound agent idinga ukomiswa, ngaphandle kwalokho ithambekele ekuqhekekeni futhi ayikwazi ukuhlakazeka ngokulinganayo ngesikhathi sokuxuba, okuholela kuma-bubbles ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwe-vulcanization futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo;
3. Ukucwenga
Irabha eluhlaza iyanwebeka futhi ayinazo izakhiwo ezidingekayo (ipulasitiki) zokucubungula, okwenza kube nzima ukuyicubungula. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ipulasitiki yayo, kuyadingeka ukucwenga irabha eluhlaza; Ngale ndlela, i-ejenti yokuxuba ihlakazeka kalula ngokulinganayo erabha eluhlaza ngesikhathi sokuxuba; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoqa nokwakha, kusiza futhi ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwezinto zerabha (ezingena endwangu yefayibha) kanye nokugeleza kokwakheka. Inqubo yokonakalisa ama-molecule eketanga elide lerabha eluhlaza ukuze kwakheke ipulasitiki ibizwa ngokuthi ipulasitiki. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlanza irabha eluhlaza: ukucwenga ngomshini kanye nokucwenga ngokushisa. Ukucwenga ngomshini inqubo yokunciphisa ukuwohloka kwama-molecule erabha eketanga elide nokuwaguqula kusuka esimweni sokunwebeka kakhulu kuya esimweni sepulasitiki ngokusebenzisa i-extrusion yomshini kanye nokungqubuzana komshini wokucwenga ngomshini emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ukucwenga nge-thermoplastic inqubo yokungenisa umoya oshisayo ocindezelwe erabha eluhlaza, okuthi, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa nomoya-mpilo, kubhidlize futhi kufushanise ama-molecule eketanga elide, ngaleyo ndlela kutholakale ipulasitiki.
4. Ukuxuba
Ukuze uzivumelanise nezimo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa, ufeze ukusebenza okuhlukile, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yerabha futhi unciphise izindleko, kubalulekile ukwengeza izithasiselo ezahlukene erabheni eluhlaza. Ukuxuba kuyinqubo yokuxuba irabha eluhlaza eyenziwe ngepulasitiki ne-ejenti ehlanganisayo bese uyibeka ku-mixer yerabha. Ngokuxuba ngomshini, i-ejenti ehlanganisayo ihlakazeka ngokuphelele nangokulinganayo erabheni eluhlaza. Ukuxuba kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo yerabha. Uma ukuxuba kungalingani, indima yerabha kanye nezithasiselo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokugcwele, okuthinta ukusebenza komkhiqizo. Izinto zerabha ezitholakala ngemva kokuxuba, ezaziwa ngokuthi irabha exubile, ziyinto eqediwe ngokuphelele esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yerabha, eyaziwa ngokuthi izinto zerabha. Ngokuvamile ithengiswa njengempahla, futhi abathengi bangacubungula futhi bavukuze ngqo izinto zerabha ukuze bakhiqize imikhiqizo yerabha edingekayo. Ngokusho kwamafomula ahlukene, irabha exubile inochungechunge lwezinhlobo ezahlukene nezinhlobo ezinezakhiwo ezahlukene, okunikeza izinketho.
5. Ukwakheka
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yerabha, ukusetshenziswa komshini wokugoqa noma wokukhipha ukuze kwenziwe izimo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kubizwa ngokuthi ukubumba. Izindlela zokwakha zifaka:
Ukwakheka kwe-rolling kufanelekile ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo elula efana neshidi nepuleti. Kuyindlela yokucindezela irabha exubile ibe yisimo nosayizi othile wefilimu ngomshini wokugoqa, obizwa ngokuthi i-rolling forming. Eminye imikhiqizo yerabha (njengamathayi, amateyipu, amapayipi, njll.) isebenzisa izinto zefayibha yendwangu okumele zimbozwe ngesendlalelo esincane se-glue (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-glue noma ukusula kumafayibha), futhi inqubo yokumboza ivame ukuqedwa emshinini wokugoqa. Izinto zefayibha zidinga ukomiswa futhi zifakwe ngaphambi kokugoqa. Inhloso yokomisa ukunciphisa okuqukethwe komswakama kwezinto zefayibha (ukugwema ukuhwamuka nokugqwala) nokuthuthukisa
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-09-2024
