Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba

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1. Ukugeleza kwenqubo eyisisekelo

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimboni zanamuhla, ikakhulukazi imboni yamakhemikhali, kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemikhiqizo yenjoloba, kodwa izinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza ziyafana ngokuyisisekelo.Inqubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngerabha eqinile evamile (irabha eluhlaza) ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi:

Ukulungiswa kwempahla eluhlaza → ukwenza ipulasitiki → ukuxuba → ukwakha → ukuvuvukala → ukusika → ukuhlola

2. Ukulungiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa

Izinto eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo yenjoloba zifaka irabha eluhlaza, ama-ejenti ahlanganisayo, izinto zefiber, nezinto zensimbi.Phakathi kwazo, irabha eluhlaza iyinto eyisisekelo;I-ejenti ehlanganisiwe iyimpahla eyisizayo eyengezwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo ezithile zemikhiqizo yenjoloba;Izinto zefiber (ukotini, ilineni, uvolo, imicu yokwenziwa ehlukahlukene, imicu yokwenziwa) kanye nezinto zensimbi (ucingo lwensimbi, ucingo lwethusi) zisetshenziswa njengezinto zamathambo emikhiqizo yenjoloba ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla emishini kanye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka komkhiqizo.

Phakathi nenqubo yokulungiselela impahla eluhlaza, izithako kufanele zikalwe ngokunembile ngokwefomula.Ukuze irabha eluhlaza kanye ne-ejenti ehlanganisayo kuxubane ngokulinganayo, izinto ezithile zidinga ukucutshungulwa:

1. Ukugeleza kwenqubo eyisisekelo

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimboni zanamuhla, ikakhulukazi imboni yamakhemikhali, kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemikhiqizo yenjoloba, kodwa izinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza ziyafana ngokuyisisekelo.Inqubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngerabha eqinile evamile (irabha eluhlaza) ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi:

Ukulungiswa kwempahla eluhlaza → ukwenza ipulasitiki → ukuxuba → ukwakha → ukuvuvukala → ukuphumula → ukuhlola

2. Ukulungiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa

Izinto eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo yenjoloba zifaka irabha eluhlaza, ama-ejenti ahlanganisayo, izinto zefiber, nezinto zensimbi.Phakathi kwazo, irabha eluhlaza iyinto eyisisekelo;I-ejenti ehlanganisiwe iyimpahla eyisizayo eyengezwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo ezithile zemikhiqizo yenjoloba;Izinto zefiber (ukotini, ilineni, uvolo, imicu yokwenziwa ehlukahlukene, imicu yokwenziwa) kanye nezinto zensimbi (ucingo lwensimbi, ucingo lwethusi) zisetshenziswa njengezinto zamathambo emikhiqizo yenjoloba ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla emishini kanye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka komkhiqizo.

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Phakathi nenqubo yokulungiselela impahla eluhlaza, izithako kufanele zikalwe ngokunembile ngokwefomula.Ukuze irabha eluhlaza kanye ne-ejenti ehlanganisayo kuxubane ngokulinganayo, izinto ezithile zidinga ukucutshungulwa:

Irabha eluhlaza kufanele ithanjiswe endaweni yokomisa engu-60-70 ℃ ngaphambi kokusikwa futhi iphulwe ibe yizicucu ezincane;

I-block efana nezithasiselo ezifana nopharafini, i-stearic acid, i-rosin, njll. idinga ukuchotshozwa;

Uma inhlanganisela eyimpuphu iqukethe ukungcola kwemishini noma izinhlayiya eziqinile, idinga ukubhekwa futhi isuswe;

Izithasiselo eziwuketshezi (i-pine tar, i-coumarone) zidinga ukushisa, ukuncibilika, amanzi ahwamukayo, nokuhlunga ukungcola;

I-ejenti ehlanganisayo idinga ukumiswa, ngaphandle kwalokho ijwayele ukugoqa futhi ayikwazi ukuhlakazeka ngokulinganayo ngesikhathi sokuxutshwa, okuholela kumabhamuza ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo;

3. Ukucwenga

Irabha eluhlaza iyanwebeka futhi ayinazo izinto ezidingekayo (i-plasticity) yokucubungula, okwenza kube nzima ukuyicubungula.Ukuze uthuthukise i-plasticity yayo, kuyadingeka ukucwenga irabha eluhlaza;Ngale ndlela, i-ejenti yokuxuba ihlakazeka kalula ngokulinganayo ku-rubber eluhlaza ngesikhathi sokuxuba;Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi sokugoqa nokubunjwa, kuyasiza futhi ekuthuthukiseni ukufinyeleleka kwezinto zenjoloba (ukungena endwangu ye-fiber) kanye nokwakheka kwe-fluidity.Inqubo yokwehlisa isithunzi sama-molecule amaketanga amade enjoloba eluhlaza ukuze akhe ipulasitiki ibizwa ngokuthi i-plasticization.Kunezindlela ezimbili zokucwenga irabha eluhlaza: ukucwenga ngomshini nokucwenga okushisayo.Ukwenza ipulasitiki ngomshini kuyinqubo yokunciphisa ukuwohloka kwama-molecule enjoloba anamaketanga amade futhi awaguqule asuke esimweni sokunwebeka kakhulu aye esimweni sepulasitiki ngokusebenzisa i-extrusion yemishini kanye nokungqubuzana komshini wokwenza ipulasitiki emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu.Ukucwengisiswa kwe-Thermoplastic kuyinqubo yokwethula umoya oshisayo ocindezelwe enjoloba eluhlaza, okuthi, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa nomoya-mpilo, kwehlisa isithunzi futhi kufinyeze ama-molecule anamaketanga amade, ngaleyo ndlela athole ipulasitiki.

4. Ukuxuba

Ukuze uvumelane nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa, ukufeza ukusebenza okuhlukile, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba futhi unciphise izindleko, kuyadingeka ukwengeza izithasiselo ezihlukene ku-rubber eluhlaza.Ukuxuba kuyinqubo yokuxuba irabha eluhlaza eyenziwe ngepulasitiki ne-ejenti ehlanganisayo bese uyibeka kumxube wenjoloba.Ngokuxutshwa kwemishini, i-ejenti ehlanganisayo ihlakazeka ngokuphelele futhi ngokulinganayo kunjoloba eluhlaza.Ukuxuba kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yenjoloba.Uma ukuxuba kungafani, indima yerabha kanye nezithasiselo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokugcwele, okuthinta ukusebenza komkhiqizo.Impahla yenjoloba etholwe ngemva kokuxutshwa, eyaziwa ngokuthi irabha exubile, iyinto eseqediwe kancane esetshenziselwa ukwakha imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yenjoloba, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-rubber material.Ivamise ukuthengiswa njengempahla, futhi abathengi bangacubungula ngokuqondile futhi bafake i-vulcanize impahla yenjoloba ukuze bakhiqize imikhiqizo yenjoloba edingekayo.Ngokusho kwamafomula ahlukene, irabha exubile inochungechunge lwamamaki ahlukene kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezinezakhiwo ezahlukene, ezinikeza ukukhetha.

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5. Ukwakha

Enqubweni yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yenjoloba, ukusetshenziswa komshini wokugoqa noma wokukhipha ukuze wenze izimo nosayizi abahlukahlukene kubizwa ngokuthi ukubumba.Izindlela zokwakha zihlanganisa:

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Rolling kulungele ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo elula emise okweshidi nepuleti.Kuyindlela yokucindezela irabha exubile ibe yisimo esithile kanye nosayizi wefilimu ngokusebenzisa umshini wokugoqa, obizwa ngokuthi i-rolling forming.Eminye imikhiqizo yenjoloba (njengamathayi, amateyipu, amapayipi, njll.) isebenzisa izinto ze-textile fiber okumele zihlanganiswe ngongqimba oluncane lwe-adhesive (okwaziwa nangokuthi i-adhesive noma ukusula emicu), futhi inqubo yokumboza ngokuvamile iqedwa umshini wokugoqa.Izinto ze-fiber zidinga zomiswe futhi zifakwe ngaphambi kokugoqa.Inhloso yokomisa ukunciphisa umswakama we-fiber material (ukugwema ukuhwamuka nokukhipha amagwebu) nokwenza ngcono


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-09-2024