1. Ukugeleza kwenqubo eyisisekelo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo yerabha, kodwa inqubo yokukhiqiza iyafana ngokuyisisekelo. Inqubo eyisisekelo yemikhiqizo yerabha enerabha eqinile nerabha eluhlaza njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ihlanganisa izinqubo eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo: ukwenza ipulasitiki, ukuxuba, ukuhlanganisa, ukukhipha, ukubumba kanye nokuhlanganisa. Yiqiniso, izinqubo eziyisisekelo njengokulungiselela izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuqedwa komkhiqizo oqediwe, ukuhlolwa kanye nokupakisha nakho kubalulekile. Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula irabha ngokuyinhloko buwukuxazulula ukuphikisana phakathi kwezakhiwo ze-plasticity kanye ne-elastic. Ngezindlela ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe, irabha e-elastic iguqulwa ibe irabha e-plastic masticated, bese kufakwa izinto ezahlukahlukene zokuhlanganisa ukuze kwenziwe imikhiqizo eqediwe kancane, bese kuthi imikhiqizo yepulasitiki eqediwe kancane iguqulwe ibe imikhiqizo yerabha enokuqina okuphezulu kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba nezemishini ngokusebenzisa i-vulcanization.
2. Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe
Izinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yerabha irabha eluhlaza njengezinto eziyisisekelo, kanti irabha eluhlaza iqoqwa ngokusika ngokwenziwa amagxolo ezihlahla zerabha ezikhuliswe ezindaweni ezishisayo nezingaphansi kwazo.
Izinto ezihlukahlukene zokuhlanganisa ziyizinto ezingeziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezinye izakhiwo zemikhiqizo yerabha.
Izinto zefayibha (ukotini, i-hemp, uboya kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zefayibha ezenziwe ngabantu, imicu yokwenziwa kanye nezinto zensimbi, izintambo zensimbi) zisetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha zamathambo emikhiqizweni yerabha ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla omshini futhi kuncishiswe ukuguquguquka komkhiqizo. Enqubweni yokulungiselela izinto zokusetshenziswa, izithako kumele zikalwe ngokunembile ngokwefomula. Ukuze irabha eluhlaza kanye ne-ejenti yokuhlanganisa kuhlanganiswe ngokulinganayo, izinto zidinga ukucutshungulwa. Irabha eluhlaza kufanele ithanjiswe ekamelweni lokomisa ku-60-70℃, bese inqunywa futhi iphulwe ibe yizicucu ezincane. I-ejenti yokuhlanganisa ingamaqhubu. Njenge-paraffin, i-stearic acid, i-rosin, njll. ukuze ichotshozwe. Uma impuphu iqukethe ukungcola komshini noma izinhlayiya eziqinile, idinga ukuhlungwa ukuze kususwe uketshezi njenge-pine tar kanye ne-coumarone, okudingeka kufudunyezwe, kuncibilikiswe, kupheshulwe, futhi kuhlungwe. Ukwakheka kwamabhamuza ngesikhathi sokuxuba okufanayo kuthinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
3. Ukwenza ipulasitiki
Irabha eluhlaza iyanwebeka futhi ayinabo ubumhlophe obudingekayo ekucutshungulweni, ngakho akulula ukuyicubungula. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubumhlophe bayo, kuyadingeka ukuhlafuna irabha eluhlaza, ukuze i-compound agent ikwazi ukuhlakazeka kalula nangokulinganayo erabha eluhlaza ngesikhathi sokuxuba, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyasiza futhi ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwerabha futhi ingene endwangu yefayibha ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanganisa nokwakha kanye nokugeleza kokubumba. Inqubo yokonakalisa ama-molecule e-long-chain yerabha eluhlaza ukuze yakhe ubumhlophe ibizwa ngokuthi i-mastication. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza irabha eluhlaza ibe yipulasitiki: i-mechanical plasticizing kanye ne-thermal plasticizing. I-mechanical mastication inqubo lapho ama-molecule erabha angochungechunge olude ewohloka futhi afinyezwe kusuka esimweni sokunwebeka okuphezulu kuya esimweni sepulasitiki ngokuphuma komshini kanye nokungqubuzana kwe-plasticizer ekushiseni okuphansi. I-hot plasticizing iwukudlulisa umoya oshisayo ocindezelwe erabha eluhlaza ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa nomoya-mpilo ukuze kuncishiswe ama-molecule e-long-chain futhi afinyezwe ukuze kutholakale ubumhlophe.
4.Ukuxuba
Ukuze uzivumelanise nezimo ezahlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa, uthole izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, futhi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yerabha futhi kuncishiswe izindleko, kumele kufakwe izinto ezahlukene zokuhlanganisa erabha eluhlaza. Ukuxuba inqubo lapho irabha eluhlaza ehlanziwe ixutshwa ne-ejenti yokuhlanganisa, futhi i-ejenti yokuhlanganisa ihlakazwa ngokuphelele nangokulinganayo erabha eluhlaza ngokuxuba ngomshini emshinini wokuxuba irabha. Ukuxuba inqubo ebalulekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yerabha. Uma ukuxuba kungalingani, umphumela wezinto zerabha kanye nezinto zokuhlanganisa awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokugcwele, okuthinta ukusebenza komkhiqizo. Izinto zerabha ezitholakala ngemva kokuxuba zibizwa ngokuthi irabha exubile. Kuyinto eqediwe ngokuphelele yokwenza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yerabha, eyaziwa ngokuthi izinto zerabha, evame ukuthengiswa njengempahla. Abathengi bangasebenzisa izinto zerabha ukuze bayicubungule, bayibumbe futhi bayihlanganise ngqo emikhiqizweni yerabha edingekayo. Ngokusho kwezindlela ezahlukene zokwakheka, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabanga nezinhlobo ezinezakhiwo ezahlukene ongakhetha kuzo.
5. Ukwakha
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yerabha, inqubo yokulungisa izimo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngama-calendars noma ama-extruder ibizwa ngokuthi ukubumba.
6. Ukuguqulwa kwe-Vulcanization
Inqubo yokuguqula irabha yepulasitiki ibe irabha enwebekayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-vulcanization. Iwukwengeza inani elithile le-ejenti ye-vulcanizing njenge-sulfur, i-vulcanization accelerator, njll. Ama-molecule aqondile erabha eluhlaza axhumene ukuze akhe isakhiwo senethiwekhi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu ngokwakhiwa "kwamabhuloho esibabule", ukuze inhlanganisela yerabha yepulasitiki ibe yi-vulcanizate enwebekayo kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-29-2022
