1. Ukugeleza kwenqubo eyisisekelo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo yenjoloba, kodwa inqubo yokukhiqiza iyafana.Inqubo eyisisekelo yemikhiqizo yenjoloba enenjoloba eqinile evamile-eluhlaza njengempahla eluhlaza ihlanganisa izinqubo eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo: ukwenza ipulasitiki, ukuxuba, ukufakwa kwekhalenda, i-extrusion, ukubumba kanye ne-vulcanization.Yiqiniso, izinqubo eziyisisekelo ezifana nokulungiswa kwempahla eluhlaza, ukuqedwa komkhiqizo oqediwe, ukuhlolwa nokupakishwa nakho kubalulekile.Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula irabha ngokuyinhloko ukuxazulula ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-plasticity kanye nezakhiwo ezinwebekayo.Ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe, irabha enwebekayo iguqulwa ibe yirabha exutshwe nepulasitiki, bese kwengezwa ama-ejenti ahlukahlukene ahlanganisayo ukwenza imikhiqizo eqediwe kancane, bese imikhiqizo yepulasitiki eqediwe iguqulwa ibe yimikhiqizo yenjoloba enokuqina okuphezulu nokuhle ngokomzimba nangokwemishini. izakhiwo ngokusebenzisa vulcanization.
2. Ukulungiselela impahla eluhlaza
Impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko yemikhiqizo yenjoloba iyirabha eluhlaza njengento eyisisekelo, futhi irabha eluhlaza iqoqwa ngokusika amagxolo ezihlahla zenjoloba ezitshalwe ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo.
Ama-ejenti ahlanganisiwe ayizinto ezisizayo ezengezwe ukuthuthukisa ezinye izici zemikhiqizo yenjoloba.
Izinto ze-fiber (ukotini, i-hemp, uvolo nemicu ehlukahlukene eyenziwe umuntu, imicu yokwenziwa kanye nezinto zensimbi, izintambo zensimbi) zisetshenziswa njengezinto zohlaka lwamathambo emikhiqizweni yenjoloba ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla emishini kanye nokunciphisa ukuwohloka komkhiqizo.Enqubweni yokulungiswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, izithako kufanele zikalwe ngokunembile ngokwefomula.Ukuze irabha eluhlaza kanye ne-ejenti ehlanganisayo kuhlanganiswe ngokulinganayo, okubalulekile kudinga ukucutshungulwa.Irabha eluhlaza kufanele ithanjiswe endaweni yokomisa ku-60-70 ℃, bese isikwa futhi ihlukaniswe izingcezu ezincane.I-ejenti ehlanganisayo inezigaxa.Okufana nopharafini, i-stearic acid, i-rosin, njll. ezochotshozwa.Uma impushana iqukethe ukungcola kwemishini noma izinhlayiya ezimahhadla, idinga ukubhekwa ukuze kukhishwe uketshezi olufana ne-pine tar ne-coumarone, edinga ukushiswa, ukuncibilika, ukuhwamuka, nokuhlungwa.Ukwakheka kwamabhamuza ngesikhathi sokwenziwa i-vulcanization efanayo kuthinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
3. Ukwenza ipulasitiki
Irabha eluhlaza iyanwebeka futhi ayinakho ipulasitiki edingekayo ukuze icutshungulwe, ngakho akulula ukuyicubungula.Ukuze uthuthukise i-plasticity yayo, kuyadingeka ukuxubha irabha eluhlaza, ukuze i-ejenti ehlanganisiwe ihlakazeke kalula futhi ngokulinganayo ku-rubber eluhlaza ngesikhathi sokuxuba, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa ukuvuthwa kwe- irabha futhi ingene endwangu yefiber ngesikhathi se-calendering kanye nenqubo yokwenza.nokubumba fluidity.Inqubo yokwehlisa isithunzi sama-molecule amaketanga amade enjoloba eluhlaza ukuze akhe ipulasitiki ibizwa ngokuthi i-mastication.Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza i-plasticizing injoloba eluhlaza: i-plasticizing mechanical kanye ne-thermal plasticizing.I-Mechanical mastication yinqubo lapho ama-molecule enjoloba amaketanga amade ewonakala futhi afushaniswe ukusuka esimweni esinwebekayo esiphakeme ukuya esimweni sepulasitiki nge-extrusion yemishini kanye nokungqubuzana kwe-plasticizer ekushiseni okuphansi.I-plasticizing eshisayo iwukudlulisa umoya ocindezelwe oshisayo kunjoloba eluhlaza ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa nomoya-mpilo ukucekela phansi ama-molecule amaketanga amade futhi uwafinyeze ukuze athole ipulasitiki.
4.Ukuxuba
Ukuze uvumelane nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa, thola izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene, futhi ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba futhi unciphise izindleko, ama-ejenti ahlanganisayo ahlukene kufanele afakwe ku-rubber eluhlaza.Ukuxuba kuyinqubo lapho irabha eluhlaza exutshwe ne-masticated ehlanganiswe ne-ejenti ehlanganisayo, futhi i-ejenti ehlanganisiwe ihlakazeka ngokuphelele futhi ngokulinganayo ku-rubber eluhlaza ngokuxuba komshini emshinini wokuxuba irabha.Ukuxuba kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yenjoloba.Uma ukuxuba kungafani, umphumela we-raber kanye nama-agent ahlanganisiwe awukwazi ukukhishwa ngokugcwele, okuthinta ukusebenza komkhiqizo.Izinto zenjoloba ezitholakala ngemva kokuxuba zibizwa ngokuthi irabha exubile.Iwumsebenzi oqediwe kancane wokwenziwa kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba eyahlukene, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi impahla yenjoloba, evamise ukuthengiswa njengempahla.Abathengi bangasebenzisa i-rubber material ukuze bayicubungule, bayilolonge futhi bayifake emikhiqizweni yenjoloba edingekayo..Ngokusho kokwakheka okuhlukene, kunochungechunge lwamabanga ahlukene kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezinezakhiwo ezahlukene ongakhetha kuzo.
5.Ukwakha
Enqubweni yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yenjoloba, inqubo yokwenza ubujamo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngama-calender noma ama-extruder ibizwa ngokuthi ukubumba.
6.I-Vulcanization
Inqubo yokuguqula irabha yepulasitiki ibe irabha enwebekayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-vulcanization.Iwukwengeza inani elithile le-ejenti elimazayo njengesulfure, i-vulcanization accelerator, njll. Ama-molecule alayini werabha eluhlaza axhunywe kwamanye ukuze akhe uhlaka lwenethiwekhi olunezinhlangothi ezintathu ngokwakhiwa “kwamabhuloho esibabule”, ukuze inhlanganisela yenjoloba yepulasitiki ibe i-vulcanizate enwebeka kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-29-2022
