Ukuhlanganiswa kwerabha kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yerabha. Imishini emibili eyinhloko ibusa lo mkhakha: i-mixer yangaphakathi (njenge-mixer yeBanbury) kanye ne-open two-roll mill. Nakuba zombili zihlose ukusabalalisa izithasiselo zibe yisisekelo serabha, izimiso zazo zokusebenza, izinqubo, kanye nemiphumela kuhluka kakhulu. I-China inikeza i-feeder yerabha ende yekhwalithi ephezulu, Lesi sihloko sichaza ukugeleza kokucubungula kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kwento ngayinye.
Inqubo Yokucubungula I-Internal Mixer
I-mixer yangaphakathi isebenza njengohlelo lokuxuba oluvaliwe, olunamandla aphezulu. Inqubo iqala ngokushisa igumbi lokuxuba kuze kufike cishe ku-50–80°C nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-rotor ahlanzekile. Okulandelayo, i-polymer yerabha (isb., irabha yemvelo noma i-SBR) iphakelwa nge-hopper. I-ram iyehla, ifaka ingcindezi, bese ama-rotor eqala ukujikeleza ngesivinini esiguquguqukayo (ngokuvamile 20–60 rpm). Ukugunda okukhulu kanye nokungqubuzana kukhiqiza ukushisa, umkhiqizi we-roller yerabha ye-carbon fiber roller, ethambisa irabha zingakapheli imizuzu eyi-1–2.
Ngemva kokuba i-polymer iphukile, umqhubi uphakamisa i-ram bese enezela izithasiselo eziqinile – i-carbon black, i-silica, amafutha, kanye nezinsiza zokucubungula – nge-hopper ngokulandelana okunqunyiwe. I-Zinc oxide kanye ne-stearic acid kuvame ukulandela, bese kufakwa ama-accelerator kanye ne-sulfur kamuva (ngaphandle kokuthi kusetshenziswa inqubo yokuxuba enezigaba ezimbili ukugwema ukusha). I-ram iyancishiswa futhi, futhi ukuxuba kuyaqhubeka imizuzu emi-3-5 iyonke. Izinga lokushisa legumbi lingafinyelela ku-120–160°C. Ukushintshana kokushisa okusebenzayo ngamajakethi apholiswe ngamanzi kuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile.
Uma sekuhlakazekile, umqhubi uvula umnyango wokudonsa phansi, bese inhlanganisela exubile ikhishwa njengeqhubu. I-roller yerabha ye-silicone eyenziwe eShayina, Umjikelezo wonke uvame ukuhlala imizuzu emi-5-8. I-mixer yangaphakathi iphumelela kakhulu ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu, inikeza ukuhlakazeka okuqhubekayo, uthuli oluncishisiwe, kanye nezidingo zomsebenzi eziphansi. Kodwa-ke, ayikwazi ukwamukela kalula izithako ezizwela ukushisa ngaphandle kokulandelana okufanele.
Inqubo Yokucubungula I-Open Mill (Two-Roll Mill)
I-open mill inemiqulu emibili evundlile ejikelezayo ene-rejusting gap kanye ne-friction ratio. Ukushisa imiqulu ku-40–60°C kubalulekile ukuze kunamathele. Inqubo iqala ngokufaka irabha eluhlaza endaweni egobile (isikhala esiphakathi kwemiqulu). Irabha yakha ibhange eligoqekayo bese igoqa umqulu ongaphambili. Umqhubi womshini usika ngesandla, agoqe, futhi aphinde aphe irabha ukuze akhuthaze ukuqhekeka nokuthamba - inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "ukugaya" ethatha imizuzu emi-3-5.
Izithasiselo zibe sezifakwa kancane kancane. Izimpushana ezifana nekhabhoni emnyama zifafazwa ebhange eligoqayo, kuyilapho amafutha ethelwa kancane kancane ukuze kugwenywe ukushelela. Ngokungafani nomxube ovaliwe, umqhubi usebenzisa njalo i-spatula noma ummese ukuze anqume inhlanganisela, ayigoqe, bese enza “ibhange eligoqayo” ukuze afake izinto. Ukuze kuxutshwe kahle, umqhubi angenza “ukuxubana” (ukusika nokuguqula ishidi) noma “unxantathu” (ukugoqa kube yisimo esingunxantathu). Igebe lokugaya liyancishiswa kancane kancane ukuze kwandiswe ukucheba.
Uma zonke izithako zibonakala zihlakazekile ngokulinganayo (ngokuvamile ngemva kwemizuzu eyi-10-20), inhlanganisela ifakwa njengendwangu eqhubekayo noma inqunywe ibe yizingcezu. Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwenziwa ngesandla - ukugeleza kwamanzi emigqeni kususa ukushisa, kodwa ukushisa ngokweqile kungenzeka uma ukuxubana kuthatha isikhathi eside. I-open mill inikeza ukuguquguquka kwamaqoqo amancane, izinguquko zombala, kanye nama-compound azwelayo (isb., lawo ane-accelerators esheshayo kakhulu). Kodwa-ke, idinga ikhono eliphezulu lokusebenza, iveza abasebenzi othulini nasekushiseni, futhi inomkhiqizo ophansi.
Umehluko Obalulekile Ekugelezeni Kwenqubo
I-Open Mill ye-Internal Mixer efakiwe
Isikhathi sokujikeleza imizuzu emi-5–8 imizuzu eyi-10–20
Ukuqina kwabasebenzi Kuphansi (okuzenzakalelayo) Kuphezulu (ngesandla)
Ukuchayeka othulini Okuncane Okubalulekile
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa Kuhle kakhulu (kufakwe ijakethi) Okumaphakathi
Usayizi weqembu Elikhulu (50–500 kg) Encane (1–50 kg)
Ngamafuphi, i-mixer yangaphakathi ikhethwa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni okukhulu, okusebenzayo, nokuhlanzekile, kuyilapho i-open mill isabalulekile ezinhlotsheni ezincane, ama-compounds akhethekile, kanye nomsebenzi welabhorethri. Amafektri amaningi empeleni asebenzisa kokubili ngokulandelana: ukuxuba kwangaphakathi kokuhlakazeka kokuqala, kulandelwe ukugaya okuvulekile kokupholisa, ukwengeza imithi yokwelapha, kanye nokufaka ishidi lokugcina. Ukuqonda lezi zinqubo kuvumela ama-compounders ukuthi akhethe ithuluzi elifanele lomsebenzi ngamunye.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-03-2026
