Amayunithi amaningi kanye nezimboni zisebenzisa abaxubi berabha abavulekile. Isici sayo esikhulu ukuthi inokuguquguquka okukhulu kanye nokuhambahamba, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ekuxubeni izinhlobo zerabha ezivamile, irabha eqinile, irabha yesiponji, njll.
Uma uxuba nomshini ovulekile, ukuhleleka komthamo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, irabha eluhlaza ifakwa esikhaleni somgoqo eceleni kolunye uhlangothi lwesondo lokucindezela, bese ibanga lokugoqa lilawulwa cishe ku-2mm (thatha umxube werabha ongu-14 intshi njengesibonelo) bese ugoqa imizuzu emi-5. Iglu eluhlaza yenziwa ifilimu ebushelelezi nengenazikhala, egoqwe kurola engaphambili, futhi kukhona inani elithile leglue eqoqwe kurola. Irabha eqoqwe ihlanganisa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezine yenani eliphelele lerabha eluhlaza, bese kufakwa ama-anti-aging agents nama-accelerator, bese irabha icindezelwa izikhathi eziningana. Inhloso yalokhu ukwenza i-antioxidant kanye ne-accelerator kuhlakazeke ngokulinganayo ku-glue. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukungezwa kokuqala kwe-antioxidant kungavimbela isenzakalo sokuguga okushisa esenzeka ngesikhathi sokuxuba irabha eshisa kakhulu. Futhi amanye ama-accelerators anomphumela we-plasticizing ku-compound yerabha. I-Zinc oxide bese ingezwa. Uma kungezwa i-carbon black, kufanele kufakwe inani elincane kakhulu ekuqaleni, ngoba amanye ama-raber aluhlaza azophuma kurola ngokushesha nje lapho kungezwa i-carbon black. Uma kukhona uphawu lokuthi i-off-roll ivaliwe, yeka ukufaka i-carbon black, bese ufaka i-carbon black ngemva kokuba irabha isisongelwe kahle futhi. Kunezindlela eziningi zokufaka i-carbon black. Ngokuyinhloko faka: 1. Engeza i-carbon black ngobude bokusebenza be-roller; 2. Engeza i-carbon black phakathi ne-roller; 3. Yifake eduze kokuphela kwe-baffle. Ngombono wami, izindlela ezimbili zokugcina zokufaka i-carbon black zingcono, okungukuthi, ingxenye kuphela yokususa i-gumming esuswa ku-roller, futhi akunakwenzeka ukususa yonke i-roller. Ngemva kokuba i-compound yerabha isusiwe ku-roll, i-carbon black icindezelwa kalula ibe ama-flakes, futhi akulula ukuyihlakaza ngemva kokuyiphinda futhi. Ikakhulukazi lapho uxova irabha eqinile, i-sulfur icindezelwa ibe ama-flakes, okunzima kakhulu ukuyihlakaza ku-raber. Ukuphinda uyilungise noma ukudlula okuncane akukwazi ukushintsha indawo ephuzi "ephaketheni" ekhona efilimini. Ngamafuphi, uma ufaka i-carbon black, engeza kancane futhi kaningi. Ungakhathazeki ngokuthulula wonke u-carbon black ku-roller. Isigaba sokuqala sokufaka i-carbon black yisikhathi esisheshayo "sokudla". Ungafaki i-softener ngalesi sikhathi. Ngemva kokufaka ingxenye ye-carbon black, engeza ingxenye ye-softener, engasheshisa "ukondla". Ingxenye yesibili ye-softener ifakwa ne-carbon black esele. Enkambisweni yokwengeza i-powder, ibanga lokugoqa kufanele likhululeke kancane kancane ukuze kugcinwe irabha ehlanganisiwe ngaphakathi kobubanzi obufanele, ukuze i-powder ingene ngokwemvelo erabheni futhi ingaxutshwa nerabha ngezinga eliphezulu. Kulesi sigaba, akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukusika ummese, ukuze kungathinti ikhwalithi yenhlanganisela yerabha. Uma kune-softener eningi kakhulu, i-carbon black kanye ne-softener nazo zingafakwa ngesimo se-paste. I-Stearic acid akufanele ifakwe kusenesikhathi, kulula ukuyisusa, kungcono ukuyifaka uma kusekhona i-carbon black e-roll, futhi i-agent ye-vulcanizing kufanele nayo ifakwe esigabeni esilandelayo. Amanye ama-agent e-vulcanizing nawo afakwa uma kusekhona i-carbon black encane e-roller. Njenge-agent ye-vulcanizing DCP. Uma wonke umnyama wekhabhoni udliwa, i-DCP izoshiswa futhi incibilikiswe ibe uketshezi, oluzowela ethreyini. Ngale ndlela, inani lama-ejenti e-vulcanizing ekwakhiweni lizoncishiswa. Ngenxa yalokho, ikhwalithi ye-ejenti yerabha iyathinteka, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibangele i-vulcanization engaphekiwe kahle. Ngakho-ke, i-ejenti ye-vulcanizing kufanele ifakwe ngesikhathi esifanele, kuye ngohlobo. Ngemva kokuba zonke izinhlobo zama-ejenti e-compound zifakiwe, kuyadingeka ukujika okwengeziwe ukuze i-ejenti yerabha ixubene ngokulinganayo. Ngokuvamile, kuba “imimese eyisishiyagalombili”, “izikhwama zikanxantathu”, “ukugoqa”, “izinti ezincane” nezinye izindlela zokujika.
“Imimese eyisishiyagalombili” ukusika imimese nge-engeli engu-45° eceleni kwendlela efanayo yerola, izikhathi ezine ohlangothini ngalunye. Iglue esele ijijelwe ngo-90° bese ifakwa kurola. Inhloso ukuthi izinto zerabha zigoqwe ngezindlela eziqondile nezivundlile, okuhambisana nokuxubana okufanayo. “Isikhwama sikanxantathu” yisikhwama sepulasitiki esenziwe saba unxantathu ngamandla erola. “Ukugoqa” ukusika ummese ngesandla esisodwa, ukugoqa izinto zerabha zibe yisilinda ngesinye isandla, bese uzifaka kurola. Inhloso yalokhu ukwenza inhlanganisela yerabha ixubene ngokulinganayo. Kodwa-ke, “isikhwama sikanxantathu” kanye “nokugoqa” akuhambisani nokushisa kwezinto zerabha, okulula ukubangela ukusha, futhi kudinga umsebenzi omningi, ngakho-ke lezi zindlela ezimbili akufanele zikhuthazwe. Isikhathi sokuguqula imizuzu emi-5 kuya kweyisithupha.
Ngemva kokuba i-compound yerabha isincibilikisiwe, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa i-compound yerabha. Umkhuba ubonisile ukuthi i-compound thin pass iyasebenza kakhulu ekusakazeni kwe-compound agent e-compound. Indlela ye-thin-pass ukulungisa ibanga le-roller libe ngu-0.1-0.5 mm, ufake i-rubber material ku-roller, bese uyivumela iwele kuthreyi yokondla ngokwemvelo. Ngemva kokuba iwele, phendula i-rubber material ngo-90° ku-roller engenhla. Lokhu kuphindaphindwa izikhathi ezi-5 kuya kwezi-6. Uma izinga lokushisa le-rubber material liphezulu kakhulu, yeka i-thin pass, bese ulinda i-rubber material ukuthi iphole ngaphambi kokuba inciphe ukuze kuvinjelwe i-rubber material ukuthi ingashi.
Ngemva kokudlula okuncane, yehlisa ibanga lokugoqa libe ngu-4-5mm. Ngaphambi kokuba izinto zerabha zifakwe emotweni, ingxenye encane yezinto zerabha iyadatshulwa bese ifakwa kumarola. Inhloso ukukhipha ibanga lokugoqa, ukuze kuvinjelwe umshini wokuxuba irabha ukuthi ungaphathwa kabi ngamandla amakhulu futhi ulimaze imishini ngemva kokuba inani elikhulu lezinto zerabha lifakwe kurola. Ngemva kokuba izinto zerabha zifakwe emotweni, kumele idlule esikhaleni sokugoqa kanye, bese iyisonga kurola engaphambili, iqhubeke nokuyiphendula imizuzu emi-2 kuya kwemi-3, bese uyikhulula bese uyipholisa ngesikhathi. Ifilimu inobude obungu-80 cm, ububanzi obungu-40 cm kanye nobukhulu obungu-0.4 cm. Izindlela zokupholisa zifaka phakathi ukupholisa kwemvelo kanye nokupholisa ithangi lamanzi abandayo, kuye ngezimo zeyunithi ngayinye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuthintana phakathi kwefilimu nomhlabathi, isihlabathi kanye nokungcola okunye, ukuze kungathinti ikhwalithi yenhlanganisela yerabha.
Enqubweni yokuxuba, ibanga lokugoqa kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile. Izinga lokushisa elidingekayo ekuxubeni amarabha aluhlaza ahlukene kanye nokuxuba ama-compounds ahlukahlukene obulukhuni lihlukile, ngakho izinga lokushisa le-roller kufanele liqondiswe ngokwesimo esithile.
Abanye abasebenzi bokuxuba irabha banemibono emibili engalungile elandelayo: 1. Bacabanga ukuthi uma isikhathi sokuxuba isikhathi eside, ikhwalithi yerabha iyanda. Lokhu akunjalo empeleni, ngenxa yezizathu ezichazwe ngenhla. 2. Kukholelwa ukuthi uma inani leglue eliqongelelwe ngaphezu kweroller lingezwa ngokushesha, isivinini sokuxuba sizoba sishesha kakhulu. Eqinisweni, uma kungekho glue eqongelelwe phakathi kwamaroli noma iglue eqongelelwe incane kakhulu, i-powder izocindezelwa kalula ibe ama-flakes bese iwela kuthreyi yokondla. Ngale ndlela, ngaphezu kokuthinta ikhwalithi yerabha exubile, ithreyi yokondla kumele ihlanzwe futhi, bese i-powder ewayo ingezwa phakathi kwamaroli, ephindaphindwa kaningi, okwandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuxuba futhi kwandise amandla okusebenza. Vele, uma ukuqongelela kweglue kukhulu kakhulu, ijubane lokuxuba le-powder lizoncishiswa. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuqongelela kweglue okuningi kakhulu noma okuncane kakhulu akulungile ekuxubeni. Ngakho-ke, kumele kube nenani elithile leglue eqongelelwe phakathi kwamaroli ngesikhathi sokuxuba. Ngesikhathi sokuxova, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-powder icindezelwa ku-glue ngesenzo samandla omshini. Ngenxa yalokho, isikhathi sokuxuba siyafinyezwa, amandla okusebenza ayancishiswa, futhi ikhwalithi yenhlanganisela yerabha ilungile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-18-2022
