Irabha iwuhlobo lwezinto ze-polymer ezinwebeka kakhulu, ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla amancane angaphandle, ingabonisa izinga eliphezulu lokukhubazeka, futhi ngemva kokususwa kwamandla angaphandle, ingabuyela esimweni sayo sokuqala. Ngenxa yokuqina okuphezulu kwerabha, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekushiseni, ekushaqekeni, ekuvaleleni okunamandla, njll. Ukusetshenziswa embonini yokunyathelisa kufaka phakathi ama-roller erabha ahlukahlukene kanye nezingubo zokunyathelisa. Ngokuthuthuka komkhakha werabha, imikhiqizo yerabha ithuthuke kusukela ekusetshenzisweni okukodwa kwerabha yemvelo kuya ezinhlobonhlobo zerabha zokwenziwa.
1. Irabha yemvelo
Irabha yemvelo ilawulwa ama-hydrocarbon erabha (i-polyisoprene), aqukethe inani elincane lamaprotheni, amanzi, ama-resin acid, ushukela kanye nosawoti wezinto ezingaphili. Irabha yemvelo inokuqina okukhulu, amandla aphezulu okudonseka, ukumelana okuhle kokuklebhuka kanye nokufakwa kukagesi, ukumelana okuhle kokuguguleka kanye nokumelana nesomiso, ukucutshungulwa okuhle, irabha yemvelo kulula ukuyibopha nezinye izinto, futhi ukusebenza kwayo konke kungcono kunerabha yokwenziwa eminingi. Ukushiyeka kwerabha yemvelo ukumelana okuncane nomoya-mpilo kanye ne-ozone, ukuguga okulula nokuwohloka; ukumelana okuncane namafutha kanye nezinyibilikisi, ukumelana okuphansi kwe-asidi kanye ne-alkali, ukumelana okuphansi kokugqwala; ukumelana okuphansi kokushisa. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lerabha yemvelo: cishe -60℃~+80℃Irabha yemvelo isetshenziselwa ukwenza amathayi, izicathulo zerabha, amapayipi, amateyipu, izendlalelo zokuvikela kanye nezigxobo zezintambo nezintambo, kanye neminye imikhiqizo evamile. Irabha yemvelo ifaneleka kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kweziqedi zokudlidliza ezishintshashintshayo, izifutho zokushaqeka kwenjini, izisekelo zomshini, izinto zokumiswa zerabha nensimbi, ama-diaphragm, kanye nemikhiqizo ebunjiwe.
2. I-SBR
I-SBR iyi-copolymer ye-butadiene ne-styrene. Ukusebenza kwerabha ye-styrene-butadiene kufana nokwerabha yemvelo, futhi njengamanje yiyona ekhiqiza kakhulu irabha yokwenziwa yenhloso ejwayelekile. Izici zerabha ye-styrene-butadiene ukuthi ukumelana kwayo nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokuguga kanye nokumelana nokushisa kudlula irabha yemvelo, futhi ukuthungwa kwayo kufana kakhulu kunerabha yemvelo. Okubi kwerabha ye-styrene-butadiene yilezi: ukuqina okuphansi, ukumelana nokugoba okubi kanye nokumelana nokudabuka; ukusebenza okungekuhle kokucubungula, ikakhulukazi ukuzinamathela okubi kanye namandla aphansi erabha eluhlaza. Izinga lokushisa lerabha ye-styrene-butadiene: cishe -50℃~+100℃Irabha ye-styrene butadiene isetshenziswa kakhulu ukufaka esikhundleni serabha yemvelo ukwenza amathayi, amashidi erabha, amapayipi, izicathulo zerabha neminye imikhiqizo evamile.
3. Irabha ye-Nitrile
Irabha ye-Nitrile iyi-copolymer ye-butadiene ne-acrylonitrile. Irabha ye-Nitrile ibonakala ngokumelana kwayo okuhle kakhulu nophethiloli kanye namafutha e-hydrocarbon aliphatic, okwesibili kuphela kunerabha ye-polysulfide, i-acrylic ester kanye nerabha ye-fluorine, kuyilapho irabha ye-nitrile ingcono kunezinye irabha ezisetshenziswa kabanzi. Ukumelana okuhle nokushisa, ukuqina komoya okuhle, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokumelana namanzi, kanye nokunamathela okuqinile. Okubi kwerabha ye-nitrile ukumelana nokubanda okubi kanye nokumelana ne-ozone, amandla aphansi kanye nokuqina, ukumelana ne-asidi embi, ukufudumala kukagesi okubi, kanye nokumelana okubi nezixazululo ze-polar. Izinga lokushisa lerabha ye-nitrile: cishe -30℃~+100℃Irabha ye-nitrile isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene engamelani namafutha, njengepayipi, imikhiqizo yokuvala, amarola erabha, njll.
4. Irabha ye-nitrile ene-hydrogenated
Irabha ye-nitrile ene-hydrogen iyi-copolymer ye-butadiene ne-acrylonitrile. Irabha ye-nitrile ene-hydrogen itholakala ngokufaka i-hydrogenating ngokugcwele noma ngokwengxenye ezibophweni ezimbili ku-butadiene ye-NBR. Irabha ye-nitrile ene-hydrogen ibonakala ngamandla aphezulu omshini kanye nokumelana nokuklwebheka, ukumelana nokushisa kungcono kune-NBR uma ixhunywe ne-peroxide, kanti ezinye izakhiwo zifana nerabha ye-nitrile. Ububi berabha ye-nitrile ene-hydrogenated intengo yayo ephezulu. Izinga lokushisa lerabha ye-nitrile ene-hydrogenated: cishe -30℃~+150℃Irabha ye-nitrile ene-hydrogen isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yokuvala engamelani namafutha kanye neyokushisa okuphezulu.
5. Irabha ye-ethylene propylene
Irabha ye-ethylene propylene iyi-copolymer ye-ethylene ne-propylene, futhi ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe yaba irabha ye-ethylene propylene emibili ye-yuan kanye nerabha ye-ethylene propylene emithathu ye-yuan. Irabha ye-ethylene-propylene ibonakala ngokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-ozone, ukumelana ne-ultraviolet, ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguga, ibekwe endaweni yokuqala phakathi kwerabha ezisetshenziswa kabanzi. Irabha ye-ethylene-propylene inokushisa okuhle kukagesi, ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukuqina komthelela, ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, amandla adonsela phansi aphansi, futhi ingasetshenziswa ekugcwaliseni okuphezulu. Ukumelana nokushisa kungafinyelela ku-150°C, futhi imelana nezinyibilikisi ze-polar - ama-ketone, ama-ester, njll., kodwa irabha ye-ethylene propylene ayimelwana nama-hydrocarbon e-aliphatic nama-hydrocarbon aromatic. Ezinye izakhiwo zomzimba nezemishini zerabha ye-ethylene propylene ziphansi kancane kunerabha yemvelo futhi zingcono kunerabha ye-styrene butadiene. Ububi berabha ye-ethylene-propylene ukuthi ayinamatheli kahle futhi ayinamatheli kahle, futhi akulula ukuyibopha. Izinga lokushisa lerabha ye-ethylene propylene: cishe -50℃~+150℃Irabha ye-ethylene-propylene isetshenziswa kakhulu njengendwangu yemishini yamakhemikhali, i-wire kanye ne-cable sheathing, ipayipi lomusi, ibhande lokuhambisa elingashisi, imikhiqizo yerabha yezimoto kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezimboni.
6. Irabha ye-silicone
Irabha ye-silicone iyirabha ekhethekile enama-athomu e-silicon kanye ne-oxygen eketangeni eliyinhloko. Isici se-silicon sidlala indima enkulu erabha ye-silicone. Izici eziyinhloko zerabha ye-silicone zombili ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu (kufika ku-300 degrees Celsius)°C) kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphansi (okuphansi kakhulu -100°C). Njengamanje iyirabha engcono kakhulu engamelani nokushisa okuphezulu; ngesikhathi esifanayo, irabha ye-silicone inokushisa okuhle kakhulu kagesi futhi izinzile ekushiseni nasekushiseni kwe-ozone. Imelana kakhulu futhi ayinamakhemikhali. Okubi ngerabha ye-silicone amandla aphansi omshini, ukumelana nowoyela okungekuhle, ukumelana nesinyibilikisi, ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, kunzima ukuyivundisa, futhi kubiza kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwerabha ye-silicone: -60℃~+200℃Irabha ye-silicone isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni imikhiqizo evikela ukushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi (amapayipi, izivalo, njll.), kanye nokuvikela ucingo kanye nekhebula okuvikela ukushisa okuphezulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayinambitheki, irabha ye-silicone isetshenziswa nasezimbonini zokudla nezokwelapha.
7. Irabha ye-polyurethane
Irabha ye-polyurethane ine-elastomer eyakhiwe yi-polymerization ye-polyester (noma i-polyether) kanye nama-diisocyanate compounds. Irabha ye-polyurethane ibonakala ngokumelana okuhle kokuguguleka, okuyinto engcono kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zerabha; irabha ye-polyurethane inamandla aphezulu, ukuguquguquka okuhle kanye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwamafutha. Irabha ye-polyurethane nayo inhle kakhulu ekumelaneni ne-ozone, ukumelana nokuguga, kanye nokuqina komoya. Okubi kwerabha ye-polyurethane ukumelana okubi nokushisa, ukumelana okubi kwamanzi kanye ne-alkali, kanye nokumelana okubi nama-hydrocarbon aromatic, ama-hydrocarbon ane-chlorine, kanye nezinyibilikisi ezifana nama-ketone, ama-ester, kanye nama-alcohols. Ububanzi bokushisa bokusetshenziswa kwerabha ye-polyurethane: cishe -30℃~+80℃Irabha ye-polyurethane isetshenziselwa ukwenza amathayi asondelene nezingxenye, ama-gasket, imikhiqizo engashaqeki, ama-roller erabha, kanye nemikhiqizo yerabha engagugi, enamandla aphezulu futhi engamelani namafutha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-07-2021
