Umthelela we-vulcanization esakhiweni nasezimpahleni zenjoloba

Umthelela we-vulcanization esakhiweni nasezimpahleni zenjoloba:

I-Vulcanization iyisinyathelo esibalulekile enqubweni yokwenziwa kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba, okuwuhlelo lokuguqulwa ukusuka esakhiweni esiwumugqa ukuya esakhiweni somzimba, okuletha izinguquko eziphelele ezihlanganisa izakhiwo zomzimba nemishini, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa, ukumelana ne-solvent, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, okuthuthukisa ukubaluleka nokusetshenziswa. ububanzi bomkhiqizo.

Isakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo zenjoloba ziba nezinguquko eziphawulekayo ngaphambi nangemva kokwenziwa kwe-vulcanization.Ama-molecule enjoloba ngaphambi kokuba avuthwe anesakhiwo somugqa esinamandla e-van der Waals asebenza phakathi kwawo, abonisa ubupulasitiki obuhle nobude, kanye nokuncibilika.Phakathi nenqubo ye-vulcanization, ama-molecule aqala futhi abhekana nokusabela okuxhumanisa kwamakhemikhali, okwenza isakhiwo senethiwekhi lapho ama-molecule aboshwe ngamabhondi amakhemikhali.

Isakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo zenjoloba eshisiwe ikakhulukazi zifaka:

Isakhiwo: amabhondi amakhemikhali, isikhundla sokuxhumanisa amabhondi, izinga lokuxhumanisa, nokuxhumanisa

Ukusebenza: Izakhiwo zemishini (amandla okwelula njalo, ubulukhuni, amandla aqinile, ukuphakama, ukunwebeka), izakhiwo ezingokomzimba, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali ngemva kokuvuthwa

Inqubo ye-vulcanization ingashintsha kakhulu izakhiwo zenjoloba.Ukuthatha irabha yemvelo njengesibonelo, njengoba izinga le-vulcanization likhuphuka:

Izinguquko ezakhiweni zemishini: ukunwebeka okukhulayo, amandla aqinile, amandla okudonsa, amandla okudabula, nobulukhuni, ukuncipha kwe-longation, ukucindezelwa ukuguqulwa okuhlala njalo, nokukhiqiza ukushisa kokukhathala.

Izinguquko ezimpahleni ezibonakalayo: Ukwehla komoya nokungena kwamanzi, akukwazi ukuncibilika, kungavuvukala kuphela, ukumelana nokushisa kuyathuthuka, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali kuyathuthuka, ukusabela kwe-crosslinking kuqeda amaqembu asebenza kakhulu noma ama-athomu, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza ukuguga.Isakhiwo senethiwekhi sivimbela ukusakazeka kwama-molecule aphansi, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi ama-radicals mahhala erabha asakazeke.

Izimo ze-vulcanization, ezifaka ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, nesikhathi, yizici ezibalulekile ezinquma imiphumela ye-vulcanization.Ukucindezela kwe-vulcanization kunomthelela obalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka kwamabhamuza ezintweni zenjoloba, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlangana kwezinto zenjoloba, nokugcwalisa isikhunta ngezinto zenjoloba.Ingase futhi ithuthukise ukunamathela phakathi kwezingqimba ezihlukahlukene (ungqimba lwenjoloba nongqimba lwendwangu noma ungqimba lwensimbi, ungqimba lwendwangu kanye nongqimba lwendwangu) emkhiqizweni, futhi kuthuthukise izici ezibonakalayo zenjoloba evuthulukile (njengokumelana nokugoba).

Izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization yisimo esiyisisekelo sokusabela kwe-vulcanization, esingathinta ngokuqondile isivinini se-vulcanization, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, nezinzuzo zezomnotho zebhizinisi.Ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization kungasheshisa isivinini sokwenza i-vulcanization futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kodwa izinga lokushisa elidlulele le-vulcanization lingaholela ezinkingeni ezinjengokuphuka kwamangqamuzana enjoloba, ukuguqulwa kwe-vulcanization, ukuncipha kwezakhiwo zemishini yezinto zenjoloba, nokuncipha kwamandla ezindwangu.Kungase futhi kufinyeze isikhathi esishisayo sezinto zenjoloba, kubangele ukuntuleka kwenjoloba yendawo kanye nokungalingani kwemikhiqizo.Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwezinga lokushisa le-vulcanization kufanele kubhekisise izici ezifana nohlobo lwerabha, isistimu ye-vulcanization, nesakhiwo somkhiqizo.

Ukunquma izimo ze-vulcanization - okuhlanganisa ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, nesikhathi - kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukucatshangelwa kwezinto eziningi.

Ukucindezela kwe-Vulcanization: Ukukhethwa kwengcindezi ye-vulcanization kuncike kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasezimfuneko zemikhiqizo yenjoloba.Ngokuvamile, ukukhethwa kokucindezela kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko ukuma, ubukhulu, kanye yinkimbinkimbi yemikhiqizo yenjoloba.Ukucindezela okukhulu, kungcono uketshezi lwerabha, okungagcwalisa kangcono isikhunta.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukucindezela okuphezulu kungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukukhiqizwa kwama-bubbles futhi kuthuthukise ukuhlangana komkhiqizo.Kodwa-ke, ukucindezela okukhulu kungase kuholele ekugelezeni ngokweqile kwezinto zenjoloba, kubangele ukuhlanekezela ukuma komkhiqizo.

Izinga lokushisa le-sulfurization: Izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization lithinta ngokuqondile isivinini kanye nekhwalithi yokusabela kwe-vulcanization.Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme, ukusabela kwe-vulcanization ngokushesha, kodwa kungase kubangele ukuphuka kwamaketanga e-raber yamangqamuzana, kuthinte izici ezibonakalayo zomkhiqizo.Izinga lokushisa elifanele le-vulcanization lingaqinisekisa isivinini esihle sokuvuthwa ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo omkhulu wokushisa kwento yerabha.

Isikhathi se-sulfurization: Isikhathi se-vulcanization sihlobene ngokuqondile nezinga lokushisa le-vulcanization.Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angase adinge izikhathi ezimfushane ze-vulcanization, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.Ngokuvamile, ukukhethwa kwesikhathi se-vulcanization kudinga ukucabangela uhlobo lwento yerabha, izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization, nobukhulu bomkhiqizo.Isikhathi esilungile sokwenza i-vulcanization esinqunywa ngokuhlolwa singaqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zenjoloba zifinyelela izici ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokusebenza kanye nokumelana nokuguga.

Sekukonke, ukucacisa izimo ze-vulcanization kuyinqubo edinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezinto ezahlukahlukene njengohlobo lwento yerabha, umumo womkhiqizo, okokusebenza kwe-vulcanization, njll. Emkhiqizweni wangempela, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwenza izivivinyo eziningi kanye nokwandisa kancane kancane izimo ze-vulcanization. ukuthola ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo.