Ithonya le-Vulcanization ngesakhiwo nezakhiwo zenjoloba

Umthelela we-Vulcanization ngesakhiwo nezakhiwo zenjoloba:

I-Vulcanization yisinyathelo esibalulekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza yemikhiqizo yenjoloba, okuyinqubo yokuguqula kusuka ekwakhekeni okuqondile ekwakhekeni komzimba, ukumelana nezimo zokulwa, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuthuthukisa inani kanye nohlelo lokusebenza lomkhiqizo.

Isakhiwo nezakhiwo zenjoloba zibhekana nezinguquko ezibalulekile ngaphambi nangemva kokuvuselelwa. Ama-molecule enjoloba ngaphambi kokuba uVutization abe nesakhiwo esiqondile ngoVan der Waals amabutho asebenza phakathi kwabo, ekhombisa ubuhle bobuhle kanye nokubumbana, kanye nokuzinikela. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuVuvali, ama-molecule adalwa futhi abhekana nokusabela okuxhumeka kwamakhemikhali, akha ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi lapho ama-molecule ahlanganiswe khona ngamabhondi wamakhemikhali.

Ukwakheka kanye nezakhiwo zenjoloba evulungiswa kuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi:

Isakhiwo: Izibopho zamakhemikhali, isikhundla sezibopho ezixhumanisayo, izinga lokuxhumanisa, nokuxhumanisa

Ukusebenza: Izakhiwo zemishini (amandla ahlala njalo, ukulukhuni, amandla ashubile, ukusunduza, ukuqina), izakhiwo ezibonakalayo, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali ngemuva kokuvuselela ubuvikeli

Inqubo ye-Vulcanization ingashintsha kakhulu izakhiwo zenjoloba. Ukuthatha irabha yemvelo njengesibonelo, njengoba izinga le-Vulcanization liyakhuphuka:

Izinguquko ezezakhiwo zemishini: ukukhuphuka kwe-elasticity, amandla ashukumisayo, amandla ashubile, amandla ashubile, kanye nobulukhuni, ukuncipha kokuqina, kanye nokucindezelwa kwezimo zokulimala okungapheli, kanye nesizukulwane sokushisa

Izinguquko ezintweni ezibonakalayo: Ukulwa komoya nokuncipha kwamanzi, akunakuchithwa, kungavuvukala kuphela, ukumelana kokushisa kuthuthuka, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kuthuthukisa amaqembu asebenzayo kakhulu noma ama-athomu, okwenza kube nzima ukusabela kuqeda. Ukwahlulela kwenethiwekhi kuvimbela ukuguquguquka kwama-molecule aphansi, okwenza kube nzima nge-radicals yamahhala yenjoloba ukuze isebenzise.

Izimo ze-Vulcanization, kufaka phakathi ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, nesikhathi, yizinto ezibalulekile ezinquma imiphumela yokuhlela ama-vulcanization. Ingcindezi ye-Vulcanization inomthelela obalulekile ekuvikeleni ukwakheka kwama-bubble ezintweni ezibonakalayo zenjoloba, ethuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zenjoloba, bese ugcwalisa isikhunta ngezinto zenjoloba. Kungathuthukisa futhi ukunamathela phakathi kwezendlalelo ezahlukahlukene (ungqimba lwenjoloba kanye nongqimba lwendwangu noma ungqimba lwensimbi, ungqimba lwendwangu kanye nokweneka kwendwangu) kumkhiqizo, futhi uthuthukise izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zenjoloba (njengokugoba ukumelana).

Izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization liyisimo esiyisisekelo sokuphendula kwe-vulcanization, okungathinta ngqo ijubane le-vulcanization, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho zebhizinisi. Ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa le-Vulcanization kungasheshisa ijubane lokuvuselela futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kepha izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization lingaholela ezinkingeni ezinjenge-ruble molecular chain breakege, ukubuyiselwa emuva kwe-vulcanization, ukuncipha kwezinto zokwehla kwezindwangu zenjoloba, kanye nokunciphisa amandla wezindwangu, kanye nokuncipha kwamandla ezindwangu. Kunganciphisa futhi isikhathi esivuthayo sezinto zokwenziwa kwenjoloba, kubangele ukuntuleka kwenjoloba kwasendaweni kanye nokuvuselelwa kwemikhiqizo engalingani. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwezinga lokushisa le-vulcanization kufanele ubheke ngokuphelele izici ezifana nohlobo lwenjoloba, uhlelo lokuvuselela, kanye nesakhiwo somkhiqizo.

Ukuthola izimo ze-Vulcanization - kufaka phakathi ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, nesikhathi - kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukucatshangelwa kwezinto eziningi.

Ingcindezi yeVulcanization: Ukukhetha kwengcindezi yokuvuselela kahle kuncike ekuklameni nasekuhlolweni kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba. Ngokuvamile, ukukhethwa kwengcindezi kunqunywa ikakhulukazi ngesimo, usayizi, nobunzima bemikhiqizo yenjoloba. Lapho likhulu ingcindezi, okungcono uketshezi lwenjoloba, olungagcwalisa kangcono isikhunta. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingcindezi ephezulu ingavimba ngempumelelo isizukulwane sama-bubble futhi ithuthukise ukuhlanganiswa komkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, ingcindezi eyeqile ingaholela ekuhambeni ngokweqile kwezinto zenjoloba, kubangele ukuhlanekezela ngesimo somkhiqizo.

Ukushisa kwe-Sulfurization: Izinga lokushisa le-Vulcanization lithinta ngqo ijubane nekhwalithi yokusabela kwe-Vulcanization. Ukushisa okuphezulu, ngokushesha ukusabela kwe-Vulcanization, kepha kungadala ukuqhekeka kwamaketanga ama-molecular ama-rubber, okuthinta izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zomkhiqizo. Amazinga okushisa afanele ama-vulcan angaqinisekisa ijubane elihle lokuvuselela ngaphandle kokubangela ukulimala okubalulekile okushisayo kwezinto zenjoloba.

Isikhathi Sokugcotshwa Kwe-Sulfurization: Isikhathi sokuvuselela sihlobene ngqo nokushisa kwe-Vulcanization. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angadinga izikhathi ezingekho e-polcanization, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Ngokuvamile, ukukhethwa kwesikhathi se-Vulcanization kudinga ukubheka uhlobo lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zenjoloba, lokushisa le-vulcanization, kanye nobukhulu bomkhiqizo. Isikhathi esifanele sokuvukelwa kwesinqumo esinqunywe ngocwaningo singaqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zenjoloba zizuza izakhiwo ezenziwa kahle zemishini kanye nokumelana nokuguga.

Sekukonke, ukuthola izimo ze-Vulcanization kuyinqubo edinga ukucubungula okuphelele kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ezifana nohlobo lwenjoloba, ukwakheka komkhiqizo, njll. Ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, kancane kancane kube ngcono izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthola ukusebenza komkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu.