Ulwazi ngokuguga kwerabha

1. Kuyini ukuguga kwerabha? Kubonisani lokhu ebusweni?
Enqubweni yokucutshungulwa, ukugcinwa nokusetshenziswa kwenjoloba nemikhiqizo yayo, ngenxa yesenzo esiphelele sezinto zangaphakathi nangaphandle, izakhiwo zomzimba nezemishini zenjoloba ziwohloka kancane kancane, bese ekugcineni zilahlekelwa yinani lazo lokusebenzisa. Lolu shintsho lubizwa ngokuthi ukuguga kwenjoloba. Ebusweni, kubonakaliswa njengokuqhekeka, ukunamathela, ukuqina, ukuthambisa, ukucwazimula, nokukhula okuncane.
2. Iziphi izinto ezithinta ukuguga kwenjoloba?
Izici ezibangela ukuguga kwerabha yilezi:
. I-Oxidation ingenye yezizathu ezibalulekile zokuguga kwerabha.
(b) Umsebenzi wamakhemikhali we-ozone ne-ozone uphakeme kakhulu kunalokho kwe-oksijini, futhi kuyalimaza kakhulu. Iphinde yephule i-molecular chain, kepha umphumela we-ozone ku-rubber uyahlukahluka kuye kwahluka ngokuthi irabha ichithiwe noma cha. Uma isetshenziswa kwinjoloba ekhubazekile (ikakhulukazi irabha enjoloba), ukuqhekeka okuhlangenwe nakho okuphelele ekuqondisweni kwesenzo sokucindezela kuvela, okungukuthi, okuthiwa "ozone crack"; Lapho isetshenziswa kurabha ekhubazekile, kuphela ifilimu e-oxide eyakhiwa ebusweni ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
(c) Ukushisa: Ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa kungadala ukuqhekeka okushisayo noma ukuwela okushisayo kwerabha. Kepha umphumela oyisisekelo wokushisa usebenze. Thuthukisa izinga lokuphazamiseka kwe-oksijini bese wenza kusebenze ukusabela kwe-oxidation, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshise isilinganiso sokuphendula se-oxidation senjoloba, okuyinto evamile ubudala.
(d) Ukukhanya: Igagasi elifushane lokukhanya, likhudlwana amandla. Ukulimala kwerabha yimisebe ye-ultraviolet enamandla aphezulu. Ngaphezu kokudala ngokuqondile nokuxhumeka kwe-cross-ukuxhumeka kwe-charuza ye-molecular chain, imisebe ye-ultraviolet ikhiqiza ama-radicals wamahhala ngenxa yokuthola amandla okukhanya, okuqala ukusheshisa inqubo yokusabela kwe-oxidation chain. Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet kusebenza njengokushisa. Enye into yesenzo esikhanyayo (ehlukile esenzweni sokushisa) ukuthi kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ebusweni benjoloba. Okwasampula ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-glue, kuzoba khona ukuqhekeka kwenethiwekhi ezinhlangothini zombili, okungukuthi, okubizwa ngokuthi "okubizwa ngokuthi" imifantu yangaphandle yangaphandle ".
. Ukuthunyelwa kwemishini kwamaketanga amamolekyuli kanye nokwenza kusebenze kwemishini yezinqubo ze-oxidation. Yikuphi okunesandla esiphezulu kuya ngemibandela ebekwe kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukudala ukuqhekeka kwe-ozone ngaphansi kwesenzo sokuxineka.
. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinto ezincibilikayo zamanzi namaqembu acwebile wamanzi enjoloba akhishwe futhi ancibilikisiwe ngamanzi. Okubangelwa yi-hydrolysis noma ukumuncwa. Ikakhulu ngaphansi kwesenzo sokunye sokucwiliswa kwamanzi nokuvezwa komoya, ukubhujiswa kwenjoloba kuzosheshiswa. Kepha kwezinye izikhathi, umswakama awulimazi irabha, futhi unomphumela wokubambezela ukuguga.
(g) Abanye: Kunemidiya yamakhemikhali, i-allence eguquguqukayo yensimbi, imisebe yamandla aphezulu, ugesi kanye ne-biology, njll, okuthinta irabha.
3. Yiziphi izinhlobo zezindlela zokuhlola ukufundwa kwenjoloba?
Ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili:
(a) Indlela yokuhlola ukuguga kwemvelo. Ihlukaniswe ngokwengeziwe ekuhlolweni kokuguga komkhathi, isivivinyo sokuguga esishelelayo, ukuhlolwa kokuguga kwemvelo, okuphakathi kwemvelo (kufaka phakathi umhlabathi ongcwatshwe, njll.) Novivinyo lokuguga.
(b) Indlela yokuhlola esheshayo ye-agerated agerated. Ukuguga okushisayo, ukuguga kwe-ozone, ukuguga kwesimo sezulu, ukuguga kwesimo sokufakelwa, ukuguga kwezithombe ze-ozone, ukuguga kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokuguga kukagesi, kanye nokuguga kwangaphakathi, kanye nokuguga kwemidiya, kanye nokuguga kwangaphakathi.
4. Iliphi ibanga lokushisa okufanele likhethwe ukuhlolwa komoya okushisayo kokuguga komoya kwamakhompiyutha ahlukahlukene enjoloba?
Ku-ruble yemvelo, izinga lokushisa lokuhlola livame ukuvama ama-50 ~ 100 ℃, kurabha yokwenziwa, kuvame ukuba ngu-50 ~ 150 ℃, futhi izinga lokushisa lokuhlola lama-rubber akhethekile liphakeme. Isibonelo, i-nitrile rubber isetshenziswa ku-70 ~ 150 ℃, kanye ne-silicone fluorine irabha isetshenziswa ku-200 ~ 300 ℃. Ngamafuphi, kufanele kunqunywe ngokuya ngovivinyo.